Seven drone makers in 2022. Around 500 now. Four million units produced in 2025, seven million targeted for 2026 — the fastest defence-industrial scale-up on record.
A $20,000-$50,000 drone against a $4 million interceptor. 57,000 launched at Ukraine. Now the engine changed — and the cost exchange is being contested back.
Most "AI swarm" claims describe automation, not autonomy. CSIS found no verifiable evidence Russian swarming has been fielded. What has been, and what hasn't.
Russia entered 2022 with the most extensive tactical EW of any military. Fibre-optic drones made it irrelevant in one mission set — and spoofing crossed into NATO airspace.
A $400 drone kills a $4.5 million tank. Russia plans 7.3 million FPVs in 2026. The full cost-exchange arithmetic that now governs every defence budget.
No Leopard 2 has ever been destroyed by frontal penetration. Yet 57% of the 2A6 tranche was lost. The tank is not dead — it has been demoted. Here is why.
A 1940s autocannon is shooting down Shahed-type drones over Ukraine in 2026. Why the Bofors L/70 survived the missile age — and what 3P ammunition changed.
The Replicator initiative and the affordable mass problem — what worked, what didn't, and what scaling attritable autonomous systems actually requires.